• Early detection and preventive measures are key to combating CKD

World Kidney Day (WKD), is observed annually on the second Thursday in March, is a global health awareness campaign that emphasises the importance of kidneys and aims to reduce the frequency and impact of kidney disease worldwide. 

During this month of March, health professionals at the National Institute for Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation hope to educate the public by different ways and means on kidney diseases.

At least 1 in 10 people worldwide is living with kidney disease. According to the Global Burden of Disease study, in 2019, more than 3.1 million deaths were attributed to kidney dysfunction, making it the seventh leading risk factor for death worldwide. However, global mortality from all kidney diseases may actually range between 5 and 11 million per year if the estimated lives lost, especially in lower-resource settings, from acute kidney injury and from lack of access to kidney replacement therapy for kidney failure are also counted. 

These high global death rates reflect disparities in prevention, early detection, diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD also poses a significant global economic burden, with costs increasing exponentially as CKD progresses, not only because of the costs of dialysis and transplantation, but also because of the multiple comorbidities and complications that accumulate over time.

Although there is regional variation in the causes of CKD, the risk factors with the highest population-attributable factors for age standardised CKD-related disease-adjusted life years were as follows: high blood pressure (51.4%), high fasting plasma glucose level  (30.9%), and high body mass index (26.5%).

Only 40% and 60% of those with hypertension and diabetes, respectively, are aware of their diagnosis, and far smaller proportions are receiving treatment and at target goals. Moreover, at least 1 in 5 people with hypertension and 1 in 3 people with diabetes also have CKD.

CKD often progresses silently, and by the time symptoms appear, irreversible damage may have occurred. However, there are steps you can take to manage non communicable diseases and reduce the risk of CKD. Let’s explore some strategies:

1. Control blood pressure

High blood pressure is a major risk factor for CKD. Regularly monitor your blood pressure and work with your healthcare provider to keep it within the recommended range (usually less than 140/90 mm Hg). Lifestyle changes, such as a heart-healthy diet, exercise, and medication adherence, can help maintain optimal blood pressure levels.

2. Manage diabetes

If you have diabetes, closely monitor your blood glucose levels. Regularly check your A1C (average blood glucose over the past 3 months) and aim for a goal below 7 percent. Proper diabetes management not only protects your kidneys but also reduces the risk of CKD.

3. Regular kidney health monitoring

Work with your healthcare team to track kidney function and damage. Regular tests, including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin levels, provide valuable information. Compare results over time to assess any changes.

4. Medication adherence

Take prescribed medications consistently. Some medications, such as those that block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), can slow CKD progression. Consult your doctor about the best treatment plan for your condition.

5. Consult a dietitian

A registered dietitian can help you create a kidney-friendly meal plan. Limit sodium intake, choose low-potassium foods, and manage protein consumption. Proper nutrition plays a crucial role in preventing CKD complications.

6. Stay physically active

Regular exercise improves overall health and helps maintain a healthy weight. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week. Consult your doctor before starting any exercise program.

7. Achieve a healthy weight

Excess weight strains the kidneys. Maintain a healthy weight through a balanced diet and physical activity. Losing weight if necessary can reduce the risk of CKD.

8. Prioritise sleep and quit smoking

Adequate sleep is essential for kidney health. Avoid smoking, as it damages blood vessels and worsens kidney function.

In conclusion, preventing CKD involves proactive management of NCDs. By controlling blood pressure, managing diabetes, monitoring kidney health, and adopting a healthy lifestyle, you can safeguard your kidneys and overall wellbeing.

Remember, early detection and preventive measures are key to combating CKD—the silent threat that we can address with knowledge and action.

History of the World Kidney Day:

• The inaugural celebration of World Kidney Day took place in 2006.
• The initiative was a collaborative effort between the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) and the International Federation of Kidney Foundations (IFKF).
• The primary objective was to raise awareness about kidney-related conditions and their impact on overall health.

Significance of the World Kidney Day:

• Awareness and education:
• WKD serves as a platform to educate people about kidney health, prevention, and early detection of kidney diseases.
• Despite being treatable, kidney diseases often receive less attention than other health concerns. WKD aims to change this by increasing awareness.
• Global campaign:
• WKD is a global campaign that transcends borders and cultures.
• It encourages individuals, healthcare professionals, and policymakers to prioritise kidney health and take proactive measures.
• Numbers speak:
• The rising number of kidney disease patients and related deaths necessitates urgent action.
• WKD sheds light on the significance of kidney health, emphasising prevention, screening, and management.
• Community engagement:
• WKD rallies communities, organisations, and governments to collaborate.
• It fosters dialogue, research, and policy development to improve kidney care.

1. Lifestyle choices matter:

• By promoting healthy lifestyle choices—such as maintaining blood pressure, quitting smoking, and staying hydrated—WKD empowers individuals to safeguard their kidneys.